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小若冰MM
你是要这类的文献吗？MultinationalCompaniesAdjustStrategiestoChinaChinaisNowaKeyAreaintheGlobalStrategiesofMultinationalCompaniesOnceuponatime,multinationalcompanieswereverysober-mindedaboutinvestinginChina.OfthelargeGermanandJapanesecompanies,originallyonlyVolkswagenandtheSanyoinvestedinShanghai,ChangchunandShenzhenonasignificantscale.WhenrecallingthedaysofstudyingChina'sinvestmentclimatein1981,Dr.KarlHarn,amagnateintheGermanautoindustry,said,"Formostmultinationalcompaniesatthattime,Chinawasstillamysterious,shygirl".Buttoday,changeshavetakenplaces.MultinationalcompaniesarebeginingtoacceleratetheirinvestmentinChinaonalargescale,andhaveintegratedwithChina'seconomicandsocialactivitiesineverysector.Accordingtostatistic,400outofthe"FORTUNE500"havemadeadirectinvestmentinover2000projectsinChina.InPudong,Shanghaialone,thetotalvalueof181projectsinvestedby98companieshasreachedU.S.$8billion.Inrecentyears,the"FORTUNE500"500targetatChina,apartfromtheimpetusoftheinternationalsituation,China'ownpotentialisalsoastrongtemptation.AsfortheremarkableachievementsofChina'seconomy,chairmanandCEOoftheBoeingCompany,can'thelpshowinghisadmiration."China'sGDPgrowthrateinthepasttwenty-threeyearsis2.5timesmorethaninNorthAmericaandEurope.Iftheleadingincreaseratekeepsgoing,Chinawillundoubtedlygrowintoastrongeconomicpowerinthenextfiftyyears.MultinationalcompaniesmustattachsufficientimportancetothepromisingpurchasingpowerontheChinesemarket".AfterastudyofChina'scurrentsituation,Mr.LiWen,presidentoftheWarnerGroup,firmlybelievesthattakingacomprehensivesurveyofthegreatchangesinChinainthepasttwentyyearsandthedevelopmenttrendoftheworldeconomy,twopositivefactscanbeensured.OneisthatChina'seconomyhasabrightfutureandthegrowthpotentialishuge,theotheristhatpowerfulmultinationalcompaniesareseekingregionswithastableeconomicgrowthratetogainnewdevelopmentopportunities.Connectingthetwofacts,Chinainthereformandopeningisjustsuchanidealcooperatepartner.Infact,Chinahasalreadybecomeoneofthefocusesforthemultinationalsinallbusinesslinesinrearrangingtheirinternationaleconomicsetupinthe21stcentury.Basedonthisthinking,manylargemultinationalenterpriseshavemovedtheirheadofficestoChina,suchastheABBGroupofSwitzerland,theRobertBoschGmbhCo.fromGermanyandtwofamouscompaniesfromAmericaandFrance.TalkingoftherelocationoftheABBGroup,vicepresident,Mr.ChenDapingsaid,"inordertoresideinChina,learnofthepoliciesatanearlydateandimproveourdevelopmentstrategy,wemovedhere."MaybethisisjustthereasonwhymultinationalcompaniesarefightingtorelocatetheirheadofficesinChina.Theabundantharvestreceivedbytheearlyarrivalsfurtherencouragestheinvestmentbymultinationalcompanies.Accordingtoasurvey,thesalesvolumeofGermanHenkelGroupin1998reachedRMB2billion,andthatofBoeingobtainedasurprisingRMB19billion.Motorola,Sony,Volkswagen,Coca-ColaandEricssonalsoachievedconsiderableprofits.AsurveybytheBostonCompanynotlongagoindicatesthat90%ofcompaniesinEurope,theU.S.andJapanhaveseta"Chinafirst"strategy.TheirracetoinvestandrelocateoftheirheadofficesinChinaclearlytellsus:multinationalcompanieshavefocusedtheirkeystrategiesonChina,astableanddevelopingChinacannotbeseparatedfromtheworld,andtheworldcannotbeindependentofChina,whichiscreatingexternalbusinessopportunities.MultinationalCompaniesAcceleratingtheSalesStrategyRearrangementThereisanewtrendintheinvestmentbymultinationalenterprises:toshifttheirbusinessesandtechnicaltransformationtoestablishingproductionbases,thecorestrategyisfirsttooccupythehugeChinesemarket.Reviewingtheshort-terminvestmenthistory:in1992,mostmultinationalcompaniesmerelysetuprepresentativeofficesinChinaandmainlyengagedintrade.Butsince1995,theyhaveshiftedtoestablishingproductionbases,especiallytheshareholdingcompanies(suchcompaniesarethehighestformofforeigninvestment,besidesinvestmentandreinvestment,theirresponsiblealsoincludesproductagency,thetrainingofpersonnel,providinginformationandsupplyingfunds).SuchmultinationalsincludeOmron,Hitachi,Panasonic,Sanyo,Fujitong,Toshiba,IsuzuofJapan,Siemens,Bayer,HenkelofGermany,GeneralElectric,IBM,Motorola,andDellComputerofAmerica.Inrecentyears,multinationalcompanieshaveacceleratedtheirlargeinvestmentinChina.McDonald'salonehasbuilt52factoriesinChina.ABBGroupestablished20jointventures.VolkswagenAGsetupfourlargejointventuresandonesolely-investedenterprisewithatotalinvestmentofU.S.$2billion.Inaddition,Boeinghasthreelargejointventures,andthekeycomponentsof3100BoeingplanesnowflyingworldwideweremadeinChina.Moreover,withtherelocationfever,multinationalcompaniesareintensifyingtheirlocalizationstrategyofthe"rootinChina".Accordingtoemploymentrecords,foreign-fundedenterprisesfavorlocalprofessionals.ThedirectorofhumanresourcesforMicrosoft(China)Co.,Ltd.says,over500theiremployeesareChinese,andmostofthemaremastersanddoctors.Tooursurprise,moreandmoreseniorpostsarebeingtakenbyChinese.IntheABB(China)Group,of5000employees,nearlytengeneralmanagersareChinese,whileforeignseniorofficialsareveryfew.Inordertoensurethattheirproductskeepupwiththechangingmarket,multinationalcompanieslayspecialemphasisonthelocalizationofR&Dandtheexpansiontowardstheintellectualservicefield.SomepowerfulcompanieshaveincreasedtheirR&DinvestmentandestablishedresearchinstitutesinChina.A"Chinafever"hasbeenstartedbyforeignITmagnates.Attheendoflastyear,MicrosoftinvestedU.S.$80millioninaChinaResearchInstitutespecializinginessentialresearch.ItalsodeclaredrecentlythatU.S.$50millioninvestmentwillbemadeintheMicrosoftAsianTechnologyCenterinShanghai,thehighestlevelresearchinstituteofMicrosoftinChina.Siemensintensifiesthelocalizationofkeytechnology.AfteracenturyofintroducingtrackcommunicationtechnologyintoChina,vicepresidentMr.Burtsaid,"acentury'sexperiencepersuadedusthatakeyfactorsecuringthesuccessfuloperationisthelocalizationofkeycomponents.InNovember1999,Motorola(China)ElectricCo.,Ltd.builtthe"MotorolaChinaResearchInstitute"inBeijing.ItnowhasaltogethereighteenR&DcentersinChina(includingHongKong),650researchpersonnelwithainvestmentofRMB1.3billion,coveringadvancedsemiconductormaterials,micro-controller,CDMA,Willsystem,andchipsformobilesandsoftware.Bytheyear2001,therewillbe25researchcentersand1000researchpersonnelwithatotalinvestmentofRMB1.8billion.NorthernTelecomInternationalLtd.,IBM,Intel,DuPontHoldingCo.,Ltd.,P&G,Ericsson,Nokia,PanasonicandMitsubishihaveallestablishedresearchcenters,technologicaldevelopmentcentersandlaboratoriesinChina.AT&Tevenplanstoopenthefirst"BellLab".AFrenchcompanywillbuild"technologicalzones"inBeijingandShanghai,includingachipfactoryandfourapplicationlabs.ThankstotheaccelerationofcomponentlocalizationbroughtaboutbytheestablishmentofR&Dinstitutesbymultinationalcompanies,costsarereducedandthecompetitivenessisincreased.如要其他类似文献，可以给我留言。
